> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.lorric.com/qr/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.lorric.com/qr/fp-as310-english-v5/parameters/a-measurement-setup/a02-scale-factor.md).

# A02 Scale Factor

### Definition

This function corrects flowmeter readings that are higher or lower than the actual flow. Once A02 is set, the system multiplies the measured flow data by a fixed value. The default A02 value is 1.0.

Parameters A02 (Scale Factor) and A09 (Manual Offset) allow adjustment of flowmeter reading deviations.

Currently, only Simple Mode correction is supported. The system uses a linear formula to correct instantaneous flow:

$$
\text{Corrected Instantaneous Flow} = A\_{02} \times \text{Measured Instantaneous Flow} - A\_{09}
$$

<details>

<summary><strong>Calibration Examples</strong> <em>(Click to Expand)</em></summary>

**1. Error Caused by Liquid Density**

**Example – 50% Sulfuric Acid**\
Assume the liquid is sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.4.\
Actual measured weight: 26 tons. The flow meter displays 20,004 L.\
Converted weight: 20,004 × 1.4 = 28,005.6 kg (≈ 28 tons)\
→ the reading is higher than the actual value.

**Step 1: Adjust the A02 scale factor**

$$A\_{02} = \frac{\text{Actual Weight}}{\text{Flow Meter Displayed Weight}}$$ = $$\frac{26\ \text{tons}}{28\ \text{tons}} \approx 0.928$$

Set **A02 = 0.928**, then the flow meter–calculated weight ≈ **25.98 tons**, close to the true value.

**Step 2 – Fine adjustment using A09:**

* After adjusting A02, readings may be accurate at **high flow**, but small deviations can remain at **low flow** or when the pump starts.
* Adjust **A09** to compensate for fixed offset errors. For example:
  * If readings consistently **exceed** the true value by **0.1 ton**, set **A09 = 0.1**, and the system will automatically subtract this from the calculated weight.
  * If readings consistently **fall short of** the true value by **0.1 ton**, set **A09 = -0.1**, and the system will automatically add this value to the calculated weight.

**2. Error Caused by Analog Output**

**Example**\
The user is using the analog output and finds that the receiving device (e.g., PLC) does not match the value shown on the flow meter.

The meter display shows **0** (no flow in the pipe), but the output current is **4.1 mA** instead of the standard **4.0 mA**.\
After conversion at the receiving end, this results in an incorrect flow reading of **0.98 L/min** (zero offset).

**Step 1: Use Simulation Mode to Check for Scaling Error**

If the displayed flow value appears incorrect (for example, a flow reading when no liquid is present), first use Simulation Mode to verify whether a scaling error exists.\
Refer to the Simulation Mode section for detailed operation.

Enable **F02 Simulation Mode**, then go to **E06** and enable the analog output content (recommended: **Flow Rate**).\
Next, enter **F01** to set the simulated flow value and observe the reading on the receiving device.

For example, when the simulated value is set to **60 L/min** but the receiving end shows **58.41 L/min**, this indicates an overall scaling error (reading too low).

*<mark style="background-color:red;">After testing with Simulation Mode, it can be confirmed that the issue is not only a zero offset, but also an output scaling error.</mark>*

**Adjust the A02 scale factor**

$$A\_{02} = \frac{\text{Simulated Flow Value}}{\text{Receiving-End Reading}}$$ = $$\frac{60\ \text{L/min}}{58.41\ \text{L/min}} \approx 1.027$$

Set the A02 value to 1.027. After this adjustment, the flowmeter’s converted reading is approximately 59.99, approaching the true value of 60.

**Step 2: Eliminate the Remaining Fixed Offset (Zero Point Shift)**

After adjusting A02, the readings are accurate at high flow rates, but small deviations may still occur at low flow rates or when the pump starts at a fixed flow. To correct this **fixed offset error**, you can fine-tune the A09 value.

**Adjusting A09 to Correct Flow Values**

For example, after the user exits simulation mode and the flow returns to zero, if the receiving end still shows a reading of 0.98, set A09 to +0.98. The system will automatically subtract this value from the calculation, effectively zeroing the meter’s reading.

</details>

### Notes

* A02 cannot accept negative values.

### Operation Procedure

<details>

<summary><strong>Button Functions</strong> <em>(Click to Expand)</em></summary>

The main unit has **four buttons**. The **bottom line (Line 3)** of the LCD displays the current function of each button. Under normal operation, the button functions are as follows:

* <img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FnraUxyr39xSIGFdDiwll%2Fimage?alt=media&amp;token=6b640f75-6a8f-4f67-b7f5-33cb91abebe5" alt="" data-size="line"> **Blue Button:** Leftmost button: Return, exit, or save settings.
* Gray Direction Buttons:
  * <img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FR4VqdS3hqxaK4QIvPhAG%2Fimage?alt=media&amp;token=635060a1-0ea4-411d-9121-8f99294201b9" alt="" data-size="line"> **Left Gray:** Previous Page, increase value, or select item
  * <img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FmS7ef3b3D0h68CG9BotQ%2Fimage?alt=media&amp;token=c3e56634-50ff-4f1a-863d-b4fe8ee64c3e" alt="" data-size="line"> **Right Gray:** Next Page, decrease value, or select item
* <img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FUVFgzkcG7mBRjA1WED7R%2Fbutton-orange.png?alt=media&amp;token=5b1bfda9-78d1-43de-8a99-15ac97c0104b" alt="" data-size="line"> **Orange Button:** Rightmost button: Enter settings, edit, or confirm selection

{% hint style="danger" %}
**Do not hold buttons for extended periods to avoid damage.**
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %}
Button functions may change depending on the operation context to improve usability or prevent accidental presses
{% endhint %}

</details>

<details>

<summary><strong>Calibration Offset Function</strong> <em>(Click to Expand)</em></summary>

> Used to correct flowmeter reading deviations.
>
> **Related Parameters:** **A02:** Scale Factor, **A09:** Manual Offset

{% stepper %}
{% step %}

### A02 Scale Factor Setting

```
A02 Scale Factor Setting Steps
• From the main screen(green backlight), 
  press Orange Button(Setup) to enter settings (orange backlight).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to select A. Measurement, press Orange Button(Enter).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to select A02 Scale Factor, press Orange Button(Enter).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to choose the digit to adjust(highlighted in dark gray).
• Press Orange Button(Edit) to enter adjustment mode.
• Adjust digits: Left Gray Button to increase, Right Gray Button to decrease.
• Press Orange Button(Set) to confirm each digit; repeat for other digits as needed.
• After all digits are set, press Blue Button(Save).
Confirm by pressing Orange Button(Save) (or Blue Button(NOT) to cancel).
• Press Blue Button(ESC) to return to the main screen(green backlight).
```

<figure><img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FH8C5YYZmJww2UyHWTrEd%2FFP-AS310-A02-en.png?alt=media&#x26;token=d5d7be0d-c934-4d75-b746-11f421756404" alt="" width="288"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% endstep %}

{% step %}

### **A09 Manual Offset Setting**

```
A09 Manual Offset Setting Steps
• From the main screen(green backlight), 
  press Orange Button(Setup) to enter settings (orange backlight).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to select A. Measurement, press Orange Button(Enter).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to select A09 Manual Offset, press Orange Button(Enter).
• Use Gray Arrow Buttons to choose the digit to adjust(highlighted in dark gray).
• Press Orange Button(Edit) to enter adjustment mode.
• Adjust digits: Left Gray Button to increase, Right Gray Button to decrease.
• Press Orange Button(Set) to confirm each digit; repeat for other digits as needed.
• After all digits are set, press Blue Button(Save).
Confirm by pressing Orange Button(Save) (or Blue Button(NOT) to cancel).
• Press Blue Button(ESC) to return to the main screen(green backlight).
```

<figure><img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FDud41tNkXsXIR3LZA80b%2FFP-AS310-A09-en.png?alt=media&#x26;token=db75e84b-6fa2-47e4-8c7f-17b7268459a4" alt="" width="288"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% endstep %}

{% step %}

### Calibrate Verification

Verify whether the calibration result meets expectations by checking if the calibrated flow value matches the target value. If not, readjust A02 (Scale Factor) or A09 (Manual Offset) and repeat steps 1–2.

The system automatically calculates the calibrated instantaneous flow using the formula:

$$
Corrected Instantaneous Flow = A02 (Scale Factor) × Measured Instantaneous Flow − A09 (Manual Offset)
$$
{% endstep %}
{% endstepper %}

</details>

<figure><img src="https://2754849036-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FrlMqIBsRPDmLFSx4eE5q%2Fuploads%2FH8C5YYZmJww2UyHWTrEd%2FFP-AS310-A02-en.png?alt=media&#x26;token=d5d7be0d-c934-4d75-b746-11f421756404" alt="" width="288"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### A02 Options, RS485 Values, Read/Write Commands, and Formats

| Parameter Input Range | Corresponding Values | RS-485 Value |
| --------------------- | -------------------- | ------------ |
| Default               | +1.0000              | -            |
| Minimum               | 0.001                | -            |
| Maximum               | 1000                 | -            |


---

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